Top 5 Mistakes to Avoid to Preserve Your Electric Vehicle’s Battery

The high-voltage battery, the heart of your electric vehicle, accounts for up to 40% of its total cost. To ensure optimal performance and extend the life of your lithium-ion battery, it is crucial to avoid certain mistakes. Here are the 5 common errors to avoid to preserve the integrity of the EV battery, its range, and its performance.

1. Systematically charging the battery to 100%

Problem:

Frequent full charging or deep discharging accelerates the degradation of the lithium-ion cells in the electric vehicle battery.

Consequences:

Reduction in range (up to 20% after 8 years depending on the model).
Loss of capacity and rapid degradation of the EV battery.

Solution:

Limit daily charging to 80-90% (except for long trips).
Use the “Scheduled Charging” function to balance the cells and avoid overcharging.

2. Neglecting the impact of extreme temperatures

Problem:

Extreme temperatures, whether cold (below -10°C) or heat (above 40°C), can seriously affect the performance of your EV battery.

Consequences:

Decreased performance in cold weather.
Risk of overheating and premature aging of the lithium-ion battery in case of excessive heat.

Solution:

Park your vehicle in the shade or in a garage during summer to avoid heat.
Preheat the high-voltage battery in winter via your vehicle’s app (if this feature is available).

3. Using only fast charging stations

Problem:

Fast charging stations (350 kW DC Fast Chargers) generate intense heat that can stress the electric vehicle battery.

Consequences:

Increased degradation rate of the lithium-ion battery.
Example: 10% less capacity after 100,000 km with intensive use of fast charging.

Solution:

Reserve fast charging for occasional trips or long journeys.
Prefer AC chargers (Wallbox) for daily use, which are less stressful for the EV battery.

4. Ignoring software updates

Problem:

Manufacturers regularly update the management of the EV battery (BMS) via “over-the-air” software updates.

Consequences:

Less efficient thermal management.
Unoptimized range and decreased performance of the high-voltage battery.

Solution:

Enable automatic updates to ensure your vehicle operates with the latest version.
Manually check for new versions if necessary.

5. Leaving the battery unused at a critical charge level

Problem:

Storing an electric vehicle with an empty battery (<10%) or full (>90%) for weeks can cause irreversible damage to the cells of the lithium-ion battery.

Consequences:

Irreversible deep discharge that can damage the cells of the EV battery.
Costly replacement of the high-voltage battery (several thousand euros).

Solution:

Keep the EV battery between 40% and 60% for long-term storage.
If you do not use it for more than a month, plug the vehicle into a power outlet so the BMS automatically maintains the optimal charge without overcharging.

⚠️ Bonus: Long-term storage advice

Some brands like Tesla and Nissan recommend keeping the vehicle plugged in continuously during long-term storage, even without needing to charge. This allows the BMS to regulate the temperature and balance the cells more effectively.

Concrete example: Going on a trip for 3 months? Plug your EV into a household outlet or a Wallbox, set the maximum charge to 50-60% via the app, and let the system handle the rest.

Conclusion: Preserve the lifespan of your EV battery

By avoiding these mistakes, you maximize the lifespan of your electric vehicle’s high-voltage battery, ensuring optimal operation and increased range for over 10 years or 200,000 km. For additional advice, consult a certified specialist and always refer to your electric vehicle‘s manufacturer manual.

VE Battery Diagnosis via OBD: P0A7F, P0AC7 Codes and SOH Analysis

In the world of electric vehicles (EVs), ensuring good battery health is crucial to guarantee optimal performance and a long lifespan. In this article, we will explore how to diagnose an EV battery using the OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) tool, focusing on error codes P0A7F and P0AC7 as well as SOH (State of Health) analysis.

Introduction to EV Battery Diagnostics via OBD

The OBD system allows real-time monitoring of the vehicle’s operation, including the battery in electric vehicles. With this tool, technicians can quickly detect malfunctions and prevent costly breakdowns. For EV owners, understanding and interpreting these diagnostics is essential to maintain the good condition of their battery.

Understanding Error Codes P0A7F and P0AC7

Code P0A7F

Description: Code P0A7F is generally related to a battery problem, often indicating a failure or anomaly in the battery management system.
Possible causes:
- Malfunction of battery modules
- Communication issues between the battery and the control module
- Fault in voltage or state of charge monitoring

Code P0AC7

Description: This code often signals a problem related to battery performance or integrity, which may be caused by premature wear or cell failure.
Possible causes:
- Imbalance between cells
- Degradation of battery capacity
- Issue in the cooling or thermal management system

SOH (State of Health) Analysis

What is SOH?

SOH, or battery state of health, is a crucial measure that indicates the residual capacity and overall efficiency of the battery compared to its initial state. A high SOH means the battery is operating optimally, while a low SOH may indicate degradation and the need for intervention.

Importance of SOH Analysis

Prevention: Regular monitoring of SOH allows for the detection of early signs of degradation, enabling proactive maintenance.
Performance: An optimal SOH ensures that the electric vehicle delivers maximum performance and sufficient range.
Safety: A battery in poor condition can pose risks of overheating or other safety issues. SOH analysis helps avoid these risks by intervening in time.

Measurement Methods and Tools

Using OBD: By connecting an OBD diagnostic tool, it is possible to retrieve accurate data on voltage, internal resistance, and other essential parameters to calculate SOH.
Specialized Software: Some advanced software connects via OBD and provides a detailed analysis of the battery’s condition, facilitating decision-making for potential repair or replacement.

Steps to Diagnose an EV Battery

Connecting the OBD Tool:
Plug the diagnostic device into the OBD port of your electric vehicle. Ensure the vehicle is in diagnostic mode to allow smooth communication.
Reading Error Codes:
Check for the presence of codes P0A7F and P0AC7. Note them for further analysis and to inform your technician if needed.
Analyzing SOH Data:
Use the OBD tool to access battery parameters, such as voltage, temperature, and charge/discharge history. Compare this data with the manufacturer’s specifications to assess SOH.
Interpretation and Action Plan:
- If error codes appear: Analyze possible causes and perform additional checks on battery modules or the management system.
- If SOH is low: Consider preventive maintenance or battery replacement to avoid future problems.

Conclusion

Diagnosing an EV battery with OBD is an essential step to ensure the vehicle’s longevity and performance. Codes P0A7F and P0AC7, along with SOH analysis, provide valuable insights into the battery’s condition. By combining these tools, technicians and EV owners can quickly identify malfunctions and take corrective actions to maintain optimal performance and enhanced safety.

By adopting these advanced diagnostic practices, you ensure that your electric vehicle remains reliable and performant, while extending its battery life. For any intervention, it is recommended to consult a professional specialized in electric vehicles to obtain a comprehensive and accurate diagnosis.

Electric Motor Rotor Position Sensor | Industrial Technical Guide

Electric motors are at the heart of industrial systems, electric vehicles, robots, and many household applications. To ensure their efficiency and precise control, it is essential to know the instantaneous position of the rotor (the rotating part of the motor). This is where the rotor position sensor comes in, a key device that provides critical information to electronic control systems. This article explores in detail the operating principles, available technologies, and practical applications of these sensors.

Role of the Rotor Position Sensor

The rotor position sensor has two main functions:

Switching Control: In brushless motors, the electronic controller must synchronize the switching of currents in the stator windings with the rotor position to generate optimal torque.
Position Servoing: In systems requiring precise positioning (robots, CNC), the sensor enables real-time tracking and correction of the rotor’s angular position.

Without this information, the motor could lose efficiency, vibrate excessively, or even malfunction.

Position Sensor Technologies

Several technologies coexist for measuring rotor position, each with its advantages and disadvantages.

1. Hall Effect Sensors

Principle: Hall effect sensors detect variations in the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets attached to the rotor.
Implementation: Three Hall sensors (offset by 120°) are often used to determine position in three-phase motors.
Advantages: Low cost, simple integration.
Disadvantages: Limited resolution (angular accuracy of a few degrees), sensitivity to magnetic interference.

2. Resolvers

Principle: A resolver is a rotary transformer that uses primary and secondary windings to measure angle via sinusoidal signals.
Implementation: The rotor carries a winding excited by an AC signal, while the stator has two windings offset by 90°.
Advantages: Robustness (resistant to vibration, extreme temperatures, and harsh environments), high reliability.
Disadvantages: High cost, need for dedicated electronics to decode the signals.

3. Optical Encoders

Types:
Incremental Encoder: Generates pulses proportional to movement, requiring a zero reference.
Absolute Encoder: Provides a unique position over 360°, even after a power outage.
Principle: A coded disk attached to the rotor interrupts or reflects a light beam (LED/laser) to generate signals.
Advantages: High precision (up to 0.001°), fast response.
Disadvantages: Sensitivity to dust, moisture, and mechanical shocks.

4. Inductive Sensors (LVDT, VRS)

Principle: Based on the variation of inductance or reluctance depending on the rotor position.
Example: The Variable Reluctance Sensor (VRS) uses metal teeth on the rotor to alter the magnetic flux in a coil.
Advantages: Durability, suitable for harsh environments.
Disadvantages: Medium resolution.

Technology Comparison

Technology	Precision	Robustness	Cost	Typical Applications
Hall Effect	Low	Medium	Low	Low-end motors, drones
Resolver	Medium	Very High	High	Aviation, electric vehicles
Optical Encoder	Very High	Low	Medium-High	Robots, CNC machine tools
Inductive Sensor	Medium	High	Medium	Heavy industry, industrial motors

Integration into Control Systems

The sensor data is processed by an electronic motor controller (ECU) which adjusts the stator currents via an inverter (DC/AC converter). For example:

In an electric vehicle, the controller uses the rotor position to optimize torque and speed while minimizing energy consumption.
In robotics, absolute encoders allow precise repositioning after shutdown.

Challenges and Innovations

Harsh Environments: Sensors must withstand extreme temperatures (-40°C to 150°C), vibrations, and EMI (electromagnetic interference).
Miniaturization: The automotive industry demands compact sensors for integration into high-density motors.
Sensorless Solutions: Some algorithms (flux observers, high-frequency injection) estimate position without a physical sensor, reducing costs. However, these methods remain less accurate at low speeds.

Key Applications

Electric Vehicles: Resolvers and encoders ensure precise control of the traction motor (e.g., Tesla, BMW i3).
Aeronautics: Resolvers used in electric flight control systems.
Industry 4.0: Synchronous motors paired with encoders for collaborative robotics.
Renewable Energy: Blade positioning in wind turbines.

Future Perspectives

Position sensors are evolving towards:

Digital interfaces (SPI, CAN FD) for faster communication.
AI integration to predict wear and optimize maintenance.
Hybrid sensors combining Hall effect and inertial measurements (IMU) for redundancy.

Conclusion

The rotor position sensor is an indispensable component for fully harnessing the performance of modern electric motors. As demands for precision and reliability increase, technological innovations continue to push the boundaries, enabling ever more ambitious applications in a world transitioning towards electrification and automation.

Complete Guide to Fixing the “Stop Start Controlled” Error

The “Stop Start to be Checked” error is a common warning message in vehicles equipped with Stop & Start technology, designed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. While useful, this system can experience malfunctions. This article details the possible causes, mistakes to avoid, and solutions to effectively address the issue.

1. Main Causes of the “Stop Start to be Checked” Error

Several factors can trigger this warning message:

Weak or faulty battery: The system relies on a battery in good condition. An aging or undercharged battery disrupts its operation.
Sensor failure: Faulty sensors (clutch, brake, driver presence, engine temperature) send incorrect signals to the system.
Unsuitable engine temperature: An engine that is too cold or overheating automatically disables the Stop & Start.
Alternator problem: A faulty alternator does not properly recharge the battery, affecting the system.
Outdated software: Software bugs can block the activation of Stop & Start.
Electrical overload: Intensive use of air conditioning, heating, or multimedia devices drains the battery.

2. Mistakes to Absolutely Avoid

To avoid worsening the situation:

Ignoring warning signals: A lit warning light or repeated system deactivation should prompt a check.
Neglecting the battery: A battery not regularly checked risks causing costly breakdowns.
Forgetting software updates: Manufacturer updates often fix critical bugs.
Tampering with sensors without expertise: Disconnecting a sensor without prior diagnosis can damage other components.
Forcing the system: Insisting on activating Stop & Start despite the error risks damaging the engine or electronics.

3. Solutions and Good Maintenance Practices

Here are the steps to resolve the issue:

Technical Checks

Test the battery: Measure its voltage (ideally 12.6 V with the engine off) and replace it if necessary.
Diagnose the sensors: Use an OBD2 tool or consult a mechanic to identify faulty sensors.
Check the alternator: Ensure it delivers a voltage between 13.5 and 14.5 V when the engine is running.

Corrective Actions

Reset the system: Disconnect the battery for 10 minutes to clear temporary errors.
Update the software: Visit a dealership to install the latest manufacturer updates.
Limit energy-intensive accessories: Turn off air conditioning or heating during frequent starts.

Preventive Maintenance

Clean the battery terminals: Corrosion and dirt disrupt the current.
Perform regular check-ups: An annual inspection by a professional prevents breakdowns.

4. Conclusion

The “Stop Start to be Checked” error often stems from the battery, sensors, or alternator. By adopting rigorous maintenance and responding quickly to warnings, you minimize the risk of breakdowns. If the problem persists after these checks, consult a qualified mechanic for an in-depth diagnosis.

Tip: To extend the life of the Stop & Start system, prefer regular trips (20+ minutes) allowing the battery to recharge properly.

Car key that no longer works: what to do?

A car key fob is very convenient… until it stops working. Being stuck in front of your vehicle, unable to get in, especially when you’re in a hurry, can quickly become a nightmare.

In most cases, a simple dead battery is the cause. But sometimes, the problem is a bit more complex.

1. Test with a spare key

First of all, if you have a spare key, test it. If it works correctly, you’ll know the issue is with the main remote, not the car’s system.

2. Replace the key fob battery

The simplest solution is often to change the battery. Open the remote’s casing, remove the old battery, and replace it with a new one of the same type. A new battery is usually enough to get everything back in order.

3. Check the condition of the internal contacts

With frequent use, internal components can become unsoldered or detached. Open the casing and observe the condition of the connectors and buttons. A small solder joint can sometimes be enough to fix a faulty connection.

4. Manually unlock the car

No battery on hand? Try holding the remote very close to the door handle. Sometimes there’s just enough energy left for the system to respond at very close range.

5. Use a remote unlocking service

Some manufacturers offer remote unlocking services, such as Uconnect Access for Fiat, Jeep, or Chrysler, or mobile apps from BMW, Nissan, Lexus, Honda, etc. However, this service must have been activated in advance.

In the absence of such a service, calling roadside assistance remains an effective solution.

6. Take out the hidden mechanical key

Most modern remotes contain a spare physical key. Look for a small button or latch on the remote: it will release the key.

If your car doesn’t have a visible lock, it’s probably hidden under a plastic cover next to the handle. You can gently remove it to insert the key.

7. Reprogram the remote

Sometimes it’s necessary to reprogram the key. Insert it into the ignition, then turn it several times between the “on” and “off” positions without starting the engine. A beep may indicate that the reprogramming was successful.

Frequently Asked Questions

What to do if changing the battery isn’t enough?

The problem could be with the buttons, the electronic board, or the central locking system. Consult the vehicle’s manual or seek help from a professional.

Can interference prevent the key from working?

Yes. Electronic signals (antennas, terminals, etc.) can disrupt the connection. Try using the key in a different location.

Why does my main key no longer work, but the spare key does?

The main key may be damaged or unpaired. Replacement or repair may be necessary.

Is it always possible to open the car by hand?

Yes, most vehicles have a hidden manual lock that can be used with the physical key.

What to do if none of the keys work?

It could be a problem with the receiver or the central system. In this case, a professional diagnosis is required.

Does cold or heat affect remotes?

Yes. Extreme temperatures can weaken batteries or damage internal electronic components.

Conclusion

If your remote key no longer unlocks the door, start with simple checks: battery, buttons, internal contacts. Don’t forget the spare mechanical key, and as a last resort, consider reprogramming or professional assistance.

A small issue can often be easily resolved, but it’s better to be prepared!

Why should you use GPS trackers for your vehicle?

As a vehicle owner, you know how valuable it is, whether for your daily commutes, work, or leisure. But do you know how to effectively protect it against risks of theft, misuse, or even accidents? The answer lies in a simple and accessible tool: the GPS tracker. Here’s why adopting this technology could transform your driving experience and peace of mind.

1. Protection Against Theft and Quick Recovery

Every year, thousands of vehicles disappear without a trace. A GPS tracker acts as an invisible insurance. In case of theft, it allows you to locate your car, motorcycle, or van in real-time, even if thieves try to disable the standard security system. Law enforcement can then intervene quickly, increasing the chances of recovering the vehicle intact. Some models even alert your smartphone in case of suspicious movement for an immediate response.

2. Real-Time Monitoring, Wherever You Are

Whether you’re going on vacation or entrusting your vehicle to someone else, the GPS tracker gives you an eye on the road. Through a mobile app, check the exact position, speed, or route taken. Ideal for parents wanting to ensure their teenager respects speed limits or for businesses monitoring their professional fleets.

3. Reduction in Insurance Costs

Many insurance companies offer discounts (up to 20-30%) to GPS tracker users. Indeed, these devices reduce theft risks and facilitate investigations, making your vehicle less “risky” to insure. A significant long-term saving!

4. Optimization of Usage and Costs

For professionals, a GPS tracker is an essential management tool:

Route Tracking: Identify the most efficient routes to reduce fuel consumption.
Misuse Control: Detect unnecessary detours or personal use of the professional vehicle.
Proactive Maintenance: Some trackers analyze engine status and alert in case of potential breakdowns.

5. Geolocation in Emergencies

In case of an accident or breakdown in a remote area, the GPS tracker can save lives. Some models include an emergency button to alert rescue services and transmit exact coordinates, speeding up intervention.

6. Smart Features

Modern trackers go far beyond location:

Geofencing: Receive an alert if the vehicle leaves a predefined area (e.g., school, workplace).
Trip History: Analyze driving habits to improve safety or efficiency.
Compatibility with External Sensors: Monitor truck loading or the temperature of a refrigerated vehicle.

7. A Cost-Effective Investment

Contrary to popular belief, GPS trackers are affordable. For a modest initial cost (often less than €100) and a minimal monthly subscription, you protect an asset worth thousands of euros. Not to mention the savings generated on insurance, fuel, or repairs.

Conclusion: Peace of Mind is Priceless

Between enhanced security, simplified control, and realized savings, the GPS tracker stands as an indispensable ally for every vehicle owner. Whether it’s protecting a family asset, optimizing a business fleet, or traveling with peace of mind, this technology offers a solution tailored to all needs. What if you took action today?

A small device can make a big difference: equip yourself and drive with confidence!

Can a car battery discharge after a few weeks of inactivity

Yes, a car battery can discharge after a few weeks without use. It often happens that a car won’t start after a period of inactivity, even if the engine cranks unsuccessfully. In winter, many vehicles remain parked for weeks, or even months, which can lead to a gradual discharge of the battery. Although leaving your car in the garage saves fuel and reduces wear, it can damage the battery in the long term.

But why does a battery discharge when idle, and how can it be prevented?

Why does a car battery discharge when idle?

Several factors explain the discharge of a battery during prolonged inactivity:

1. Parasitic drain

Even when idle, a car consumes energy to power certain electronic systems:

The anti-theft system
The onboard computer
GPS and sensors
Radio memory and settings

Modern vehicles, equipped with numerous technologies, are particularly affected by this phenomenon.

2. Weather conditions

Extreme temperatures (intense cold or high heat) accelerate discharge. In winter, the battery’s capacity decreases, while in summer, heat can damage its internal components.

3. Battery condition

An aging or poorly maintained battery discharges more quickly. A new battery can last several weeks, while a worn-out battery may drain in just a few days.

How long can a car remain idle before the battery dies?

The duration varies depending on the vehicle model and the battery’s condition:

Luxury cars (e.g., Mercedes-Benz S550): A few days are enough for a complete discharge.
SUVs (e.g., Ford Expedition): About 5 to 9 days.
Toyota Sequoia: Up to 2 weeks.

Vehicles equipped with many electronic systems discharge more quickly.

How to prevent battery discharge?

1. Use a maintenance charger

A battery maintainer (or smart charger) helps maintain an optimal charge during long periods of inactivity.

2. Disconnect the negative terminal

By disconnecting the negative cable, you cut power to the electronic systems, reducing parasitic drain.

3. Remove the battery (if possible)

If the car remains idle for several months, remove the battery and store it in a dry, temperate place. Recharge it every 2 weeks.

4. Start the engine regularly

If possible, start the car once a week and let the engine run for 10-15 minutes to recharge the battery.

Can a completely dead battery be recharged?

Yes, but a deep discharge can damage the battery in the long term. Use a suitable charger for a gentle recharge.

Conclusion

A car battery can indeed discharge after a few weeks of inactivity. To avoid unpleasant surprises, adopt good practices: using a maintenance charger, disconnecting the battery, or starting the engine regularly. By taking these precautions, you will extend your battery’s lifespan and prevent unexpected breakdowns.

🔋 Is your battery discharging too quickly? Consider having it checked by a professional!

Symptoms of a Faulty Power Window: How to Identify and Fix Them?

Electric windows are essential comfort features in modern vehicles. However, like any mechanical or electrical system, they can fail over time. Recognizing the symptoms of a faulty window regulator allows for quick intervention and avoids costly repairs.

In this article, we will explore the warning signs of a faulty window regulator, their possible causes, and the solutions to fix them.

1. The Window No Longer Responds to the Switch

Symptoms:

The window does not go up or down when you operate the switch.
No noise from the motor or mechanism is audible.

Possible Causes:

Blown fuse: An electrical issue may have blown the fuse associated with the window regulator.
Faulty switch: The control button may be damaged or no longer transmitting current.
Wiring problem: A cut or corroded electrical wire may prevent operation.

Solutions:

Check and replace the relevant fuse.
Test the switch with a multimeter or by trying another button (if available).
Inspect the wires for breaks or corrosion.

2. The Window Goes Up or Down Slowly

Symptoms:

The window takes longer than usual to open or close.
A squeaking or rubbing noise may accompany the movement.

Possible Causes:

Lack of lubrication: The window regulator rails or guides may be dry or dirty.
Worn-out motor: The electric motor loses power over time.
Mechanical problem: A deformed or worn regulator (lifting mechanism) can slow down the movement.

Solutions:

Clean and lubricate the rails with a silicone spray or suitable grease.
Check the condition of the motor and replace it if necessary.
Inspect the regulator for breakage or deformation.

3. The Window Does Not Stay in Place or Falls on Its Own

Symptoms:

The window goes down slightly after being raised.
It does not hold its position and falls back partially or completely.

Possible Causes:

Anti-pinch mechanism problem (on recent models): A malfunction in the safety system can cause the window to go back down.
Broken regulator: A spring or cable in the mechanism may be broken.
Worn guides: The guides no longer hold the window properly.

Solutions:

Reset the anti-pinch system (consult the vehicle’s manual).
Replace the regulator if parts are broken.
Check the condition of the guides and replace them if necessary.

4. Abnormal Noises During Use

Symptoms:

Squeaking, clicking, or cracking noises when the window goes up or down.

Possible Causes:

Regulator failure: A cable may be breaking.
Failed motor bearing: The motor emits friction noises.
Obstruction in the rails: Dirt or debris blocking the movement.

Solutions:

Clean the rails and lubricate the mechanism.
Check the condition of the regulator and motor.
Replace damaged parts.

5. The Window Is Crooked or Stuck

Symptoms:

The window does not go up straight and gets stuck at a certain point.
It refuses to go down completely or remains stuck.

Possible Causes:

Deformed or broken regulator: The cables or arms of the mechanism are misaligned.
Guide problem: The guides are twisted or damaged.
Detached window: The window is no longer properly attached to the mechanism.

Solutions:

Realign or replace the regulator.
Check the condition of the guides and adjust them.
Reposition the window if it has become detached.

Conclusion: What to Do in Case of a Faulty Window Regulator?

If you notice any of these symptoms, here are the steps to follow:

Check simple elements (fuse, switch, lubrication).
Diagnose the problem (mechanical or electrical).
Replace faulty parts (regulator, motor, cables).

In some cases, professional repair is necessary, especially if the anti-pinch system is involved. Quick intervention prevents further damage to the mechanism and ensures your safety.

If you have any doubts, do not hesitate to consult a mechanic for an accurate diagnosis!

🚗 Preventive tip: Regularly clean and lubricate the rails to extend the life of your window regulator.

How to Identify Fluid Leaks in Your Car

It’s never a great feeling – backing out of the garage or a parking spot and seeing a puddle where your car was. Is your car leaking oil? Or is it another automotive fluid?

(more…)

Symptoms of a Faulty Secondary Air Injection Pump

If you’re wondering what a secondary air injection pump is, you’re not alone. In this article, we will go over the purpose of the secondary pump as well as the symptoms you should watch for to indicate that the pump is failing.

(more…)