What is the P0163 Code?
P0163 Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage B2S3 is a generic OBD-II powertrain code. It indicates a circuit issue with the rear catalytic (post-cat) oxygen sensor (O2) located at Bank 2, Sensor 3. The primary role of this sensor is not to adjust the air-fuel ratio but to monitor the efficiency of the catalytic converter.
Function of the Rear Catalytic Oxygen Sensor
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) compares the signals from the O2 sensors before (pre-cat) and after (post-cat) the catalyst. A properly functioning catalytic converter “cleans” the exhaust gases, resulting in a stable and almost non-fluctuating signal from the rear sensor (around 0.45V). If the PCM cannot detect a difference between the pre- and post-cat signals, or if the signal from sensor B2S3 remains abnormally low for an extended period, the P0163 code is set, indicating a circuit or performance issue.
Symptoms of the P0163 Code
A malfunction of the rear catalytic sensor alone usually does not affect engine performance. However, especially if other codes are present, the following symptoms may occur:
- 📋 Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illuminated
- ⚡ Irregular idling
- 🔧 Lack of power or reduced performance
- ⛽ Air-fuel mixture too rich or too lean (if the PCM attempts to compensate)
Possible Causes of the P0163 Code
Possible causes for this fault code include:
- 🔩 Exhaust system air leaks (causing incorrect readings)
- 🔌 Corrosion or damage to the O2 sensor connector
- ⚡ Short circuit in the signal circuit to ground
- 🔋 Open circuit in the sensor’s ground circuit
- 🛠️ Faulty O2 sensor (contaminated by fuel, oil, or coolant)
- 🧠 PCM malfunction (rare)
Diagnostic Procedure and Solutions
Always start with a visual inspection: check for exhaust leaks and inspect the condition of connectors and wiring.
Step 1: Check the Sensor
With the engine warm and running (KOER), use a diagnostic tool or multimeter to observe the signal voltage from sensor B2S3. A voltage stuck at or below 0.5V suggests a faulty sensor.
Step 2: Check the Circuit and Heater
Turn off the ignition and disconnect the sensor connector. Check for corrosion. Verify that the heater circuit is receiving battery voltage and ground. Issues with the heater circuit can trigger specific codes and prevent the sensor from functioning properly.
Step 3: Test the Signal Circuit
If the heater is functioning correctly, with the connector disconnected, connect the signal wire (PCM side) to a good chassis ground. If the diagnostic tool reading changes to around 0.5V, the sensor is faulty. If the reading does not change, investigate a possible short to ground in the harness or a PCM malfunction.
Conclusion and Call to Action
The P0163 code typically indicates a faulty oxygen sensor or wiring issue on Bank 2. While replacing the sensor often resolves the issue, performing an accurate diagnosis can help avoid unnecessary expenses.
🔧 Troubled by this fault code? Avoid guesswork. Download a free diagnostic guide or consult a certified mechanic for professional diagnosis and reliable repairs.